Apparatus for magnetic separation.



V310.791,49@ j v PATENTED JUNB, 1905.

. l o. Q. PAYNE. Y AlneAMTls FOR MAGNETIC spPARATIoN.

APPLICATION y.'EILEDy FEB. 2, 1903.

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f G.Q,PAYNE. l I APPARATUS TGR MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

APILIOATION FILED FEB. 2, 1903.

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WITNESSES: X INVENTOR CLaemze Q.R1ne,.

N0.'791,4941. `l I PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905. A .0.Q. EAYNE. A

lAPPARATUS EOE MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1903.

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l Cczz-ezace l v UNITED STATES Patented une d, 190.

PATENT OFFICE.

'CLARENCE Q. PAYNE, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THEINTERNATIONAL S'EPARATOR COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

I. APPARATUS FOR-MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 791,494, dated June 6,1905.

Application flled February 2, 1903. Serial No. 141,402.

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.- Be it known that I, CLARENCE Q. PAYNE, acitizen of the-United States, and a resident of Stamford, in the countyof Fairfield, State of 5 Connecticut, (having a post-oiiice address at99 John street, in the city and State of New York,) have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for MagneticSeparation, of which the following is a full, 1o clear, concise, andexact description.

My invention relates more particularly to improvements in magneticseparators of thegeneral type described inLetters Patent Nos. 641,147,641,148, and 641,220, granted to me January 9, 1900.

The present invention consists infurther improvements in theconstruction of the cylinder or separating-carrier with a View to anincrease of its efficiency and simplification of its structure.

It consists, further, in an improved structure for obtaining linedispersions.7 of the flux density in the magnetic field and -also pointand line dispersions thereof jointly,

. in the latter case without any accompanying decrease of the availablepositions for attachment of the ore particles undergoing separation, afurther feature being that the surface of the carrier is so formed thatthe falling ore 3o particles cannot escape the point and linedispersions of the flux density.

I will vdescribe my invention by reference to the accompanying'drawings, in which- Figuresl and 2 illustrate, broadly, by diagrammaticsections through av magnetic field,

the novel means employed to secure point and line dispersions of themagnetic flux therein, vthe machine being of the type in which a hollowseparating-cylinder is arranged to revolve 4o' between. opposing-magnetic surfaces, one of which is outside and one inside of saidcylinder. Figs'. 3 and 4 illustrate another form of separating-carrieradapted to be used in connection with a machine having pole-pieces eX-ternal to the carrier, which therefore in such case need not be hollow.Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate another and the preferred manner of conistructing a hollow separating-cylinder adapted for use in the types ofmachines illustratedin my previous patents above referred to. Figs. 7and 8 show in section and in plan, respectively, a type ofseparating-machine in which a separating-carrier such as shown in Figs.3 and 4 may be used. Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of another type'ofmachine having a hollow separating-cylinder and 0pposing magnet-polesarranged one inside and one outside of said cylinder.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts wherever-they areshown.

In the application for Letters Patent, Serial No..72,322, filed August17, 1901, I have shown and claimed, broadly, a novel type ofseparating-cylinder in which magnetizable plates or laminae havingprojecting edge faces are employed to secure certain importantadvantages. In my present invention I also make use of a series of thiniron or soft-steel plates in the construction of the transversely-laminated separating-carrier. Such laminated construction of thecylinder lends itself readily to the provision of teeth to produce pointor line dispersions of the magnetic flux and is also of advantage inthat Foucault or eddy currents are suppressed, so that the cylinder canbe turned in a strong magnetic field withcomparatively littleexpenditureof energy.

Inl accordance with the present invention the edges of the plates arearranged to overlap, so that the edges of contiguous or adjacent platesare brought out of alinement with each other or are exposed. These edgesmay be wedge-shaped, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 5, or they may haveparallel sides and blunt ends, as shown in Fig. 2,-01' they may have'outer edges of the plates are substantially out of contact with eachother-that is, out of contact fever nearly all of `their extent.

Considering the effect of a single wedgeshaped edge or tooth, as A B C,Fig. l, upon the magnetic lines of force within the field between thepole-pieces or magnetic surfaces Mand N, it-is evident that themagneticdensity wlill be greatest justwithin and vthe magneticdivergence or dispersion will be greatest just without the points orcorners B and B' of the Wedge-shaped tooth A `-B C, si'ncethey are eachformed by the intersection of three planes and alsobecause they are onthe line B B' which is nearest to the magnetic surface N. AtB and B',therefore, point dispersionsof the magnetic I iux are thus formed withinthe field, and these y fpeintsarefcentersof the strongest attractingforce 1fferthe fore particles in Athe lfield. The' line jo'infing'thepoi-nts Band B', formed by the i intersection fof two planes, secureshere line; 'dispersions of fthe iux density within theiield i fand'lby'its position exerts the longest Iandl Ystrongest attracting forceuponorelparticles@` placed along iits length. Line fdispersio'ns 4o themagnetic flux are'also obtained along lthe l'ines A FB, A' B', B'QfandB' C', which lform i the bounding edges :of fthe Wedge-'tooth A B 1C,Fig. 4; Lbut vthea'ttractinrg foreedecreases; along these lines as -thedistance from th'ei 'points Bland B' increases. l

When the teeth are formed,as shown in@ FigfQ, lwith 'a face or edge ofsome lfittle area, i point and line ldispers-ions of the magneticifluxwillibefdbtaifnedattheicorners-and b'ound- 'ing -edges 'of theiteeth; but the'rewvifll befa `slight fleakageo'f llinesaof rforceIbetween thef iiat face-fof the tooth vand the magnet-pole N, i whichwilll fnot -be -directly available for yat-` tractin'g orepar-ticles,lespecially those of slight l magnetic susceptibility. I thereforeprefer the form of tooth illustrated in Fig. l.

In applying lmy invention to an-opera-tingmachine l make use of aseriesof thi'n Airon -plates having :teeth upon their outer ledges, i`and which are so-mounted iand assembled that the teethof adjacentplates yoverlap or are broughtoutef alinement witheachother, as shownmost-clearly in Figs. r2 and 5. 1t isi possible -to secure by -myinvention in ythis @way a far greater `intensity/of magnetic `effect Eupon `feeble magnetic materials undergoing separation and -a moreeii'icient distribution of :the linesof force at the surface of theseparating-'carrier than yhas heretofore been Iattained. ltwill also lbeevident lthat these advantages-'are secured without any reductionIo`fvany-of the available positions for attach- 'ment-of fthe-oreparticles along the points and edges `of 'the teeth; but, on A-thecontrary, the number of available positions for attachment is increasedwhen lthe ends'of the teeth are offset lbut in contact at their bases,as above described. In the form of machineillustrated in Figs. l and 2the separating-carrier or hollow cylinderis built up of thin ironorsoftsteel circular plates, rings, or disks, the cylinder vbeing arrangedAto revolve between two opposing magnetic surfaces or pole-pieces,between which a magnetic lield is formed, one of said pole-pieces beingon the inside and the other en the4 outside of 'the cylinder. lh'isformfof separating-carrier, due toits laminated construction, can berevolved with great ease through the magnetic field, since Foucault oreddy-currents 'are suppressed by the subdivision of the cylinder intothin iron plates. ln the preferred form of my invention, however, wherethe machine is of the hollow-cylinder type, -wi'thone pole inside andthe other outside of the cylinder, the cylinder is preferably subdividedylongitudinally as well as transversely, ias sho-wn fin Figs. 2, i3, and6, for the purpose Xof preventing' Iundue |leakage -o'fthe'magnetic'lines from the inner-pole-'piece around' the eirciimferenceof the cylinder. Such aeylinder is preferably built up ofsegmentalplates having toothed edges of suitable .for-m, the plates 'being fittedbetween and supported by `longitudinaltie-rods V V. Said tie-rodsaresupported inend lplates or drum- ='headsat the ends `of the lcylinder insuch a 'way-as to make ya sort-of cylindrical squirrelcage frame, andsaid tie-'rods lmay be further vsu-pported fatintervals-'along thellengthof the cylinder by means of tie-rings R R. '.lfhe

segmental lplatesor .laminations 4are recessed at their ends, so as tofit 'in ybetween `-the tie` rods and `the frame, and in this lway thecylinder may be built Aupiby slipping these plates along the rods beforeone of the drumheads issecured to said rods. Vifhen thefcy-limler isthus buifltrup, the'drumheadswill be tightened upon vthe Alaminatedplates by lmeansof nuts screwing upon the ends of the tie-rods whichIproject through saiddrumheads. '.lhe 'tie-rodsshould be made ofnon-magnetic metal or alloy 'of -hgh electrical resistance, such asv`manganese-bronze. Thecylinder when thus builtup forms-anannularlaminated armature- 'ring the lmagnetic eircuitof which is interruptedin the direction of its circumference by j imeans of the'ai-r-gapsbetween `the successive g rows of segmental plates andLs alsointe rr upted `in theldireetionof thelength of the cylinder by `reason of-itstransversely-laminated structure. The segmental kvplates by which such acylinder 4is built up `may be provided with any desired form of teeth,andthe plates 'may be so constructed that -when assembled between thetie-'rods the teethof adjacent diskswil'l be out of alinement orstaggered. By this construetion I am able to secure the-ad vantagesalready 'pointed out, in 'that Foucault or eddy currents aresuppressedand a greater control of the positions -of the lines of forcein the field is secured, the'laminated construction lending itself withgreat facility to the provision of IOO IIO

the teeth-are substantially, but not wholly,

out of contact with each other, the extreme pointsy of the teeth beingfree.

The form of separating-carrier shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which is intendedtobe used in a machine of thefgeneral type yshown in Figs. 7 and 8, isbuilt up by assembling a series of thin iron or soft-steel circularplates or disks upon a shaft T, said disks being clamped together in anyconvenient way-for example, by means of a key and compressionf flanges,as shown in the illustrations. My invention can be applied to such aform of separating-carrier without diiiiculty, since the lamin'ations ordisks may easily be assembled upon the shaft in such a manner as topresent the teeth ofv adjacent disks in staggeredrelations'at thesurface of the cylinder thus built up, the key upon the shaft serving toprevent the disks from relative rotation. In Figs. 7

and 8 I have shown a complete operatingmachine with its separatingcarrier con- 'structed in accordance with my invention. The magnet-coilsW W are placed on the' sides of the machine, and their` coresy areconnected by means ofthe yokes O and P. The coils are so wound andconnected that when they are charged with an electric current,preferably from a dynamo-electric machine, the magnetic flux generatedin the cores of the magnet `forms `two circuits, as shown bythe brokenlines and arrow-heads in Fig. 8. A

y magnetic ield is thus established in the space between the opposingmagnetic surfaces of the pole-pieces M and N, as shown in Fig. 7. Thecylindrical separating-carrier S T is placed centrally between thepole-pieces MN and at a shortdistance from their surfaces, which areapproximately concentric with the separating-cylinder for a portion oftheir lengths, Vas shown in Fig. 7

The apparatus is preferably provided with A means for retaining thematerial undergoing separation in close proximity to a considerablesegment of the cylinder. For this purpose the pole-piece N is preferablyextended along a considerable segment of the cylinders surface below itshorizontal diameter, so as to form aguide-surface for the ore mixturewhile passing through theield. rIhe surface of the pole-piece may alsobe provided with a lining-plate or wearing-plate, as shown in 1 Fig. 7,although such a plate is not essential to the proper operation of themachine.

Toincrease or diminish the air-gap between the separating-surface of thecylinder S and the pole-piece N, theshaft T is supported in hingedbearings Q, Q', and the yoke O is pro; vided with screws L L', so thatitmay be moved along the core ends of the magnets W W.

Inoperating the apparatus the magnetic field is charged, and theseparating-cylinder is caused to revolve through the ield in thedirection indicated by the arrows by means of a pulley X, keyed to oneend of the shaft T, driven by a belt connected with any convenientsource of power. The means employed to revolve the separating-cylinderare, however, not important, since the suppression of all Foucault oreddy currents by the construction of the cylinder permits it to berevolved with an vexpenditure of very little power, and by varying`the'diarneter of the driving ordriven pulleys the speed ofthe cylindermay be readily adjusted to the requirements of the material undergoingseparation.

The material to be separated after crushl ing, if necessary, to unlockthe minerals to be separated 1s introduced from any convenient source ofsupplyy H by means of theguide-plates E F G into the magnetic fieldbetween the cylindrical carrier S and the polepiece N. The magnetic oreparticles of the material are then attracted and held to the points andedges of the toothed surfaces of the carrier S until by the continuedrotation" of the carrier they are conveyed out of the During theirpassage through` the iield the surface of the pole-piece N, which ispreferably made approximately concentric with the IOO cylinder S, andits relative position to the f i along a considerable segment thereofbelow its horizontal diameter, and while the nonmagnetic ornon-attracted .particles are thus readily discharged from the surfaceyof the cylinder the magnetic or attracted particles are att-he same timeprevented from escaping beyond the range of lattraction of theinductively magnetized surface of the cylinder while within the eld.Upon successive demagnetization of the carrier-teeth as the latter leavethe field the attracted ore particles are released and discharged overthe edge of the division-plate K, thus eifecting their separation fromthe non-magnetic or non-attracted ore particles, which on leaving theiield are guided by the divisionplate K into a separate receptacle. (Notshown in the drawings.)

In case it is desired to divide an ore mixture into products known inore dressing as heads, middlings and tailings, or where the crudematerial contains several magnetic materials which differ in theirmagnetic susceptibility it may be desirable to use two or more.division-plates to classify. the.v

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magnetic material as it is discharged from the separating-carrier, asshown in Fig. 7. If the ore contains a certain amount ofstronglymagnetic material, it may also be desirable to employ a lightbrush, as shown at Y, Fig. 7, in order to prevent such particles fromremaining attached to the surface of the cylinder during a completerevolution.

While Figs. 7 and 8 show, for the purpose of illustration, lmy inventionapplied to a single magnetic field formed upon two circuits of themagnetic liuX, I do not desire to conne my invention to this embodiment,as modifications within the claims of my invention will suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art. Among various modilicationsattention is called to the forms described and shown in my application,Serial No. 175,597, filed October 3, 1903, and in my application, SerialNo. 175,598, filed October 3, 1903, as divisions of my presentapplication.

In Fig. 9 I have illustrated my invention as applied to the form ofmachine shown in my prior patent, No. 762,752, dated June 14, 1904, inwhich the separating-cylinder is hollow and the opposing magnet-polesare arranged one inside and one outside of said cylinder. Theseparating-cylinder here shown is built up of continuous rings orannular disks of sheetiron, with serrated teeth upon their edges, asshown in Fig. 1.

I claim- 1. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminatedseparating-cylinder, composed or' a plurality of magnetizable circulardisks having toothed edges, in combination with means for magnetizingsaid cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder,composed of a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upontheir edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of theadjacent disks are out of alinement, in combination with means formagnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-carrier,provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminas, whose edge faces areprovided with projecting portions which create a series of point andline dispersions of the flux density on the surface of said cylinder, incombination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially asdescribed.

4. Ina magnetic separator, a laminated separating-cylinder, providedwith a plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable plates havingteeth upon their edges, said plates being relatively so placed that theteeth of the adjacent plates are out of alinement, in combination withmeans for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

5. In amagnetic separator, a laminated separating-eylinder, providedwith a plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable plates havingedge projections, said plates being relatively so placed as to providethe separatingsurface with transversely and longitudinally projectingedges, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder,substantially as described.

6. In a magneticseparator, a laminated separating-carrier provided witha plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable laminas, the edgefaces of said laminae being relatively so placed as to provide thesurface of the carrier with transversely and longitudinally projectingedges, in combination with means for magnetizing said carrier,substantially as described.

7. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder,provided with a plurality of magnetizable plates having teeth upon theiredges, said plates being relatively so placed that the teeth of theadjacent plates are out of alinement, in combination with two opposingmagnetic surfaces between which a magnetic lield is formed, and betweenwhich said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

8. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylindercomposed of a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upontheir edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of theadjacent disks are out ot' alinemcnt, in combination with two opposingmagnetic surfaces, between which a magnetic iield is formed, and betweenwhich said separating-cylinder is arranged to move, substantially asdescribed.

9. In amagnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminatedseparating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable plateshaving teeth upon their edges, said plates being relatively so placedthaty the teeth IOO of the adjacent plates are out ot' alinement,

two opposing pole-pieces between which said cylinder is arranged tomove, and a guideplate connected with one oil said pole-pieces andextending above the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, substantiallyas described.

10. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminatedseparatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminashaving teeth upon their edges, said laminas being relatively so placedthat the teeth of adjacent laminae are out of alinement, and means formagnetizing said cylinder and for retaining the material undergoingseparation in close proximity to said cylinder along a considerablesegment thereof below its horizontal diameter, substantially asdcscribed.

11. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-carrier,provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminae, havingalternatelyprojecting edges, in combination with means for magnetizingsaid carrier, substantially as described.

12. In a magnetic separator, the combination of atransversely-'laminated separatingcylinder composed of a plurality ofmagnetizable circular disks having teeth upon their edges, said disksbeing relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent disks are outof alinement, two opposing pole-pieces placed approximately concentricwith said cylinder, and betweeny which said cylinder is arranged tomove, and a guide-plate connected with one of said pole-pieces andextending above the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, substantiallyas described.

13. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminatedseparatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circulardisks having teeth upon their edges, said disks being relatively soplaced that the teeth of adjacent disks are out of alinement, and meansJfor magnetizing said cylinder and for maintaining the materialundergoing separation in close proximity to said cylinder along a.considerable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter,substantially as described.

14. In a magnetic separator, atransverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a plurality of magnetizable laminael relatively so placedthat the successive edges of said laminas project circumferentiallybeyond those of their adjacent laminas, in combination with means formagnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

15. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks relatively sodisposed that successive edges of said disks project circumferentiallybeyond those of their adjacent disks, in combination with means formagnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

16. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a plurality of magnetizable laminae having toothed edgesrelatively so placed that the teeth of said laminae project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas, in combination withtwo opposing pole-pieces, between which a magnetic field is formed, andbetween which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially asdescribed.

17. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothededges relatively so placed that the teeth of said disks projectcircumferentially beyond those of their adjacent disks, in combinationwith two opposing pole-pieces, between which a magnetic field is formed,and between which saidcylinder is arranged to move, substantially asdescribed.

18. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a ,plurality of magnetizable laminae relatively so placedthat successive edges of said laminas project circumferentially beyondthose of their adjacent laminas, in combination with two opposingpole-pieces placed approximately concentric] with said cylinder, andbetween which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially asdescribed. Y

19. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinderprovided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks relatively soplaced that successive edges of said disks projectcircumferentiallybeyond those of their adjacent disks, in combinationwith two opposing pole pieces placed approximately concentric with saidcylinder, and between which said cylinder is arranged to move,substantially as described.

20. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminatedseparatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminashaving toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said laminaeproject circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas; meansfor magnetizing said cylinder and for inaintainingthe materialundergoing separation in close proximity to the cylinder along aconsiderable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter and withinthe magnetic field, substantially as described.

21. lIn a magnetic separator, the combination oi" atransversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality ofmagnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placedthat the teeth of said disks project crcumferentially beyond those oftheir adjacent laminae, two opposing polepieces between which saidcylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate connected with one oi'said pole-pieces, having an extension above the horizontal diameter ofsaid cylinder, substantially as described. v A

22. In a magnetic separator, the combination of atransversely-.laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality ofmagnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placedthat the teeth of said disks vproject circumferentially beyond those 'oftheir Vadjacent disks, two opposing pole-pieces between which saidcylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate formed partly by one ofsaid pole-pieces and partly by an upward extension added thereto,substantially as described.

23. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminatedseparatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circulardisks having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of saiddisks project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent disks,two opposing pole-pieces between which said cylinder is arranged tomove, and a guide-plate connected with one IIO of said pole-pieces,having an extension above tween said rods and build up the body of the10 the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, subarmature. stantially asdescribed. In witness whereof I have hereunto signed 24. In amagnetieseparator, atransverselymy name this 30th day of January, 1903. 5'laminated and segmentally-divided armature- 1 *i n r 1 cylindercomprising longitudinal rods sup- (JLARENLL Q' lAl Nh' ported upon endplates to constitute a squir- In presence of rel-cage frame, andsegmental iron plates or ALFRED M. Gow,

laminae having their ends recessed to [it be- ALBERT R. LEDOUX.

